L-Phenylalanine: L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that is the precursor to the amino acid Tyrosine and as such fills many of the same roles as tyrosine. In theory, by using both tyrosine and phenylalanine in the formula, one can assume that you can provide the body with both an immediate source and a longer term source of the tyrosine necessary for the concomitant rise in brain cell neurotransmitters thus giving the user a longer lasting increase in brain dopamine and norepinephrine levels. The result will be more energy and an improved mood over a longer period of time.

Glucuronolactone: Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring metabolite formed from the metabolism of glucose in the liver. Glucuronolactone has a detoxifying effect on the liver thus showing to be hepatoprotective by protecting glycogen synthesis and storage in the liver. Glucuronolactone has also been shown to provide a positive sense of well being, aid in memory retention and concentration, and fight fatigue. Glucuronolactone is also an ergogenic aid as well helping to fuel exercise performance and recovery.

Taurine: Taurine is an amino acid that has a positive inotropic action on cardiac tissue and has been shown to lower blood pressure. Taurine also is involved in many other important processes including calcium ion flux, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and detoxification. Through its fluid regulating affect, taurine can help prevent dehydration during exercise or work in high temperatures. As an ergogenic aid, taurine has been shown to reduce exercise induced muscle damage, thus helping to decrease recovery times. Along with Caffeine and Glucuronolactone, Taurine has shown tremendous benefits in boosting mental performance and elevating moods.

Malic Acid: Malic Acid is an extremely important component of the energy producing tricarboxylic acid cycle which drives the production of cellular energy through generation of the biochemical ATP. Without malic acid ATP is not able to be produced at high enough levels to maintain optimal energy levels and everything from brain function to muscle function is severely impaired. In fact, malic acid depletion is a main cause of physical exhaustion resulting from strenuous work or exercise. Malic acid supplementation also has a strong muscle sparing effect as well due to the fact that when a malic acid deficiency is present, muscle tissue is destroyed in order to provide enough malic acid to sustain minimal ATP production.

Caffeine: Caffeine is a very safe and effective stimulant that gives the user a gentle rise in energy levels when taken at optimal levels thus reducing mental and physical fatigue and restoring alertness and focus. Caffeine also significantly enhances the uptake and effectiveness of other nutrients that are taken simultaneously. In sports nutrition, caffeine has been shown in numerous studies to increase exercise performance and endurance in well trained athletes. Caffeine helps to speed reaction times thus improving hand-eye coordination.

Niacin (Vitamin B3): Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin crucial to the process of energy production through its ability to transfer electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions leading to generation of ATP (energy). Niacin is also a very important cofactor in amino acid uptake and utilization. Niacin also has strong cardioprotective benefits due to its ability to decrease blood cholesterol levels and increase peripheral vascular circulation.

*Occasionally an individual who takes Extreme NR-Gize will experience a "flushing" effect on the skin. This is the result of Niacin’s ability to increase peripheral vascular circulation. The flushing affect is a harmless reaction but may frighten an individual not educated on the reaction. Most people think they are having an allergic reaction to the product. It is this benefit of niacin consumption that gives it its’ cardioprotective attribute.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6): Vitamin B6 is an essential, water-soluble B-vitamin that plays a vital role in the function of more than 100 enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions in the human body. Through its role in enzyme chemistry, Vitamin B6 is necessary for the proper production of dopamine and norepinephrine from L-Tyrosine, thus making Vitamin B6 another critical cofactor in amino acid uptake and utilization as well.

Vitamin B6 also has a very strong cardioprotective effect, especially when combined with Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid, through its ability to lower and control blood homocysteine levels. Homocysteine is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid methionine. Without optimal levels of B6, B12 and Folic Acid, Homocysteine levels are elevated. Even moderately elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease including heart disease and stroke.

Folic Acid: Folic Acid is another important cofactor in amino acid metabolism. As a result, folic acid is crucial to many biochemical reactions that lead to the production of mental and physical energy. As discussed with Vitamin B6 above, folic acid is essential in preventing elevated homocysteine levels in the blood and from this has a tremendous cardioprotective effect.

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12): Vitamin B12 is important in the beta-oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids and the oxidation of the carbon skeletons of the amino acids methionine, threonine and isoleucine into succinyl CoA which then enters the Kreb’s cycle to generate ATP (energy) from fats and proteins. Vitamin B12, along with Vitamin B6 and Folic Acid, also plays a very important role in protecting the cardiovascular system through prevention of elevated homocysteine levels.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1): Thiamine as thiamine diphosphate or thiamine triphosphate is a coenzyme necessary for the decarboxylation of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate in the generation of ATP. ATP is the energy producing molecule that fuels cellular energy via mitochondrial activity. Higher levels of ATP equal higher levels of mitochondrial activity leading to increased cellular energy.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Riboflavin as flavin mononucleotide or flavin adenine dinucleotide functions as a cofactor in most oxidation-reduction reactions, fatty acid oxidation, and in the electron transport chain all leading to increased production of ATP.

American Ginseng: American Ginseng is an adaptogenic herb that helps the body cope with different kinds of stress including physical, chemical and biological stressors. American Ginseng strengthens the body’s immune system and helps to restore vitality. It also helps fight against fatigue, bad moods, poor physical performance and memory loss by acting as a powerful antioxidant in the removal of damaging free radicals. Most importantly, the addition of American Ginseng to the Extreme NR-Gize formula has a powerful enhancing effect to all the other energy producing components within the formula thus synergistically enhancing the overall benefits of the product.